CS-Notes/notes/10.1 斐波那契数列.md
2021-03-23 02:48:19 +08:00

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# 10.1 斐波那契数列
## 题目链接
[牛客网](https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/c6c7742f5ba7442aada113136ddea0c3?tpId=13&tqId=11160&tPage=1&rp=1&ru=/ta/coding-interviews&qru=/ta/coding-interviews/question-ranking&from=cyc_github)
## 题目描述
求斐波那契数列的第 n 项n \<= 39。
<!--<div align="center"><img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?f(n)=\left\{\begin{array}{rcl}0&&{n=0}\\1&&{n=1}\\f(n-1)+f(n-2)&&{n>1}\end{array}\right." class="mathjax-pic"/></div> <br> -->
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/45be9587-6069-4ab7-b9ac-840db1a53744.jpg" width="330px"> </div><br>
## 解题思路
如果使用递归求解,会重复计算一些子问题。例如,计算 f(4) 需要计算 f(3) 和 f(2),计算 f(3) 需要计算 f(2) 和 f(1),可以看到 f(2) 被重复计算了。
<div align="center"> <img src="https://cs-notes-1256109796.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/c13e2a3d-b01c-4a08-a69b-db2c4e821e09.png" width="350px"/> </div><br>
递归是将一个问题划分成多个子问题求解,动态规划也是如此,但是动态规划会把子问题的解缓存起来,从而避免重复求解子问题。
```java
public int Fibonacci(int n) {
if (n <= 1)
return n;
int[] fib = new int[n + 1];
fib[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
fib[i] = fib[i - 1] + fib[i - 2];
return fib[n];
}
```
考虑到第 i 项只与第 i-1 和第 i-2 项有关,因此只需要存储前两项的值就能求解第 i 项,从而将空间复杂度由 O(N) 降低为 O(1)。
```java
public int Fibonacci(int n) {
if (n <= 1)
return n;
int pre2 = 0, pre1 = 1;
int fib = 0;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
fib = pre2 + pre1;
pre2 = pre1;
pre1 = fib;
}
return fib;
}
```
由于待求解的 n 小于 40因此可以将前 40 项的结果先进行计算,之后就能以 O(1) 时间复杂度得到第 n 项的值。
```java
public class Solution {
private int[] fib = new int[40];
public Solution() {
fib[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i < fib.length; i++)
fib[i] = fib[i - 1] + fib[i - 2];
}
public int Fibonacci(int n) {
return fib[n];
}
}
```